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This can be defined by two alternative tests (Insolvency Act 1986, s 123):
鈥 cash flow test: a company is solvent if it can pay its debts as they fall due, no matter what the state of its balance sheet (Re Patrick & Lyon Ltd [1933] Ch 786);
鈥 balance sheet test: a company which can pay its debts as they fall due may be insolvent if, according to its balance sheet, liabilities (including contingent liabilities) exceed assets.
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CFA checklist鈥攏on-personal injury agreements A: General requirements Complete section A for all conditional fee agreements (CFAs) except for personal injury or clinical negligence CFAs which are subject to a separate checklist. If you answer 鈥榥o鈥 to any question, the CFA you are proposing may be unenforceable and/or you may breach the SRA鈥檚 regulatory regime. Requirement Compliant Additional information Agreement is in writing Yes/No The agreement must be in writing CFA relates to advocacy or litigation services Yes/No You can only have a CFA for advocacy or litigation services. CFA does not relate to criminal proceedings, apart from proceedings under section 82 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 Yes (it does not)/No (it does) CFA does not relate to family proceedings Yes (it does not)/No (it does) Family proceedings are proceedings as listed in section 58(A)(2) of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 You are satisfied the CFA is suitable for the client's needs and take account of their best interests Yes/No...
Ireland鈥擠etermining jurisdiction in civil litigation鈥攃hecklist This Checklist offers guidance on how to determine whether an Irish court has jurisdiction to deal with the specific civil dispute. In doing so, it considers provisions under Brussels I (recast), the Lugano Convention and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. This Checklist provides an overview of jurisdiction in terms of considering whether the dispute should be dealt with in Ireland. For guidance on: 鈥 which specific court an action should be raised in, see Practice Note: Ireland鈥擲tarting a civil action 鈥 other issues to consider before bringing a civil claim in an Irish court and how to start and progress a civil claim in Ireland, see Practice Notes: Ireland鈥擲tarting a civil action and Ireland鈥擯re-action conduct, and in initiating and case managing a civil claim, Ireland鈥擯rogressing and managing a High Court civil claim respectively 鈥 other aspects of Irish civil litigation, see: Ireland鈥擜lternative dispute resolution and settlement鈥攐verview which links through to detailed guidance on specific aspects of dispute resolution in Ireland This Checklist...
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Bridge to bond facilities What are they? A bridge to bond facility is a type of acquisition financing where the buyer requires the certainty of a fully committed financing package, but which is intended to be replaced in the future with a mid- to long-term financing in the form of high yield bonds. In markets where acquisitions typically do not have a financing condition, a bridge financing package (which is available to be drawn if necessary) is often a key component to a successful bid. This Practice Note focuses on bridge to high yield bond financing. However, investment-grade borrowers also commonly use bridge facilities for acquisitions. Bridge commitments for investment-grade borrowers differ in many ways, including: lower pricing, much less restrictive covenants (the terms often follow the borrower鈥檚 existing credit facilities) and the securities demand mechanic may not be included (or if included, it may only be triggered by ratings downgrade). Bridge commitments for investment grade borrowers may also have longer maturities (or extension rights exercisable by...
The Pension Protection Fund鈥攅ligibility and entry Requirements for PPF entry The requirements for a scheme to enter the PPF are: 鈥 the scheme must be an eligible scheme鈥攕ee: What schemes are eligible? below 鈥 either: 鈼 a qualifying insolvency event must occur in relation to a scheme employer鈥攕ee: What is a qualifying insolvency event? below, or 鈼 the employer is unlikely to continue as a going concern and it meets the conditions in SI 2005/590, reg 7鈥攕ee: Alternative route to PPF entry, below 鈥 the insolvency practitioner in relation to the employer must confirm that a scheme rescue is not possible鈥攕ee: Duty of insolvency practitioner to issue notices confirming status of scheme (section 122 notices), and 鈥 the assets of the scheme must be less than the 'protected liabilities' (broadly, the benefits that would be payable to members by the PPF)鈥攕ee: Protected liabilities, below The statutory provisions regarding the eligibility of schemes for entry into the PPF are contained in: 鈥 sections 120鈥168 of the Pensions Act...
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Distribution agreement鈥攏on-exclusive鈥攕hort form This Agreement is made on [date] Parties 1 [insert name of party] [of OR a company incorporated in England and Wales under number [insert registered number] whose registered office is at] [insert address] (Manufacturer); and 2 [insert name of party] [of OR a company incorporated in England and Wales under number [insert registered number] whose registered office is at] [insert address] (Distributor); each of the Manufacturer and the Distributor being a party and together they are the parties. Background (A) The Manufacturer manufactures [and supplies] the Products. (B) The Distributor has agreed to distribute the Products on a non-exclusive basis in the Territory in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. The parties agree: 1 Definitions 1.1 In this Agreement: Active Sales 鈥 has the meaning given in Article 8(7) of VABEO; Affiliate 鈥 means any entity that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is in under common control with, another entity where 鈥渃ontrol鈥 means the beneficial ownership of...
Witness statement in support of application for substituted service of a bankruptcy petition Applicant: [insert initials and surname]: 1st: (exhibits).1鈥4: [insert date] 20[insert year] Court Reference No: [INSERT COURT REF. NUMBER] [ IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS [OF ENGLAND AND WALES OR IN [INSERT LOCATION]] INSOLVENCY AND COMPANIES LIST (ChD) OR IN THE COUNTY COURT AT [INSERT LOCATION] [BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS LIST] OR IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE CHANCERY DIVISION [INSERT LOCATION] DISTRICT REGISTRY ] IN BANKRUPTCY IN THE MATTER OF [INSERT DEBTOR鈥橲 OR BANKRUPT鈥橲 NAME] AND IN THE MATTER OF THE INSOLVENCY ACT聽1986 [Insert name of the full name of the petitioning creditor]聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽Applicant And [Insert name of the debtor]聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽[Respondent OR Respondents] Witness statement of [insert name of the person making the statement], the solicitor for the petitioning creditor in support of an application for an order for substituted service of a bankruptcy petition I, [insert name of the person making the statement], of [insert the witnesses鈥 details...
Dive into our 174 Precedents related to Insolvency
Is it acceptable for a liquidator and the only creditor in an insolvency situation to be represented by the same solicitor? Or is this a conflict? Both insolvency practitioners (IPs) and solicitors are members of professions that are governed by separate ethics codes. Both IPs and solicitors, before accepting an appointment or an instruction, should carry out documented procedures to ensure that there would not be a conflict of interest or breach of their ethics code in accepting the appointment or instruction. The question does not specify whether the conflict concerned would be for the solicitor or the IP and although both issues are considered, this answer deals primarily with the IP and whether the IP would have a conflict of interest. The insolvency ethics code sets out a framework approach that is to be followed in all cases to establish whether there is a conflict of interest. The IP should first of all assess whether there are any threats to the fundamental principles of integrity,...
Can you seek a bankruptcy order for an amount greater than the amount in the statutory demand? A statutory demand is a formal demand for a debt served by a creditor on its debtor. Failure by the debtor to pay the debt, or satisfy or secure it to the creditor's satisfaction鈥攐r take the appropriate steps to challenge it鈥攚ill create a presumption that the debtor is insolvent (on an inability to pay basis) and therefore exposes the debtor to the risk that insolvency proceedings will be commenced by the creditor. See: Statutory demands for restructuring and insolvency professionals鈥攐verview. A sum demanded can, for example, include interest or other charges but such amount must be limited to that which has accrued at the date of the demand (the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016, SI 2016/1024, r 10.1(8)). A creditor's bankruptcy petition can be founded on an unsatisfied statutory demand which has not been set aside; the only other ground on which a creditor may present a bankruptcy petition is where following...
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This week's edition of Property Disputes weekly highlights includes: analysis of a Court of Appeal decision on the binding nature of boundary agreements, the progress of the Renters鈥 Rights Bill, analysis on the impact of the Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025 on the property industry, and High Court decisions on enforcing a loan agreement via the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, the proportionality of seeking possession against a disabled tenant, and an application for a proprietary injunction. It also includes publication of the 11th Edition of the King鈥檚 Bench Guide.
This week's edition of Practice Compliance weekly highlights includes: the latest sanctions news, approval of AML guidance for the legal sector by HMT, new guidance on corporate self-reporting and DPAs by the SFO and an analysis on what legal teams need to know about AI standards.
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(1)聽聽聽聽 A company is deemed unable to pay its debts鈥(a)聽聽聽聽 if a creditor (by assignment or otherwise) to whom the company is indebted in a sum exceeding 拢750 then due has served on the company, by leaving it at the company's registered office, a written demand (in the prescribed form) requiring the company to pay the sum so due and the company has for 3 weeks thereafter neglected to pay the sum or to secure or compound for it to the reasonable satisfaction of the creditor, or(b)聽聽聽聽 if, in England and
Insolvency is referenced 1 in UK Parliament Acts
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