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Income tax is collected in a number of ways, including:

1. •

   collection at source throughout the year (eg via PAYE on earnings from employment)

2. •

   balancing payment for the tax year (tax liability less tax already paid) calculated on the tax return and due by 31 January after the end of the tax year

3. •

   payments on account calculated by reference to the tax due which has not been collected at source for the previous tax year (due by 31 January before the end of the tax year and the following 31 July)

Most UK taxpayers have all their income tax collected at source via their employers. Balancing payments and payments on account are dealt with via the self assessment system. Any taxpayer who believes they have a balancing payment to make in respect of a tax year must notify HMRC of their chargeability by 5 October following the end of the tax year. See the Notification of chargeability to income tax and capital gains tax guidance note.

Payments on account are interim